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Scientists have discovered a giant underwater canyon in the easterly Mediterranean Sea that likely make just beforethe ocean transformed to a mile - high-pitched common salt area .
The canyon formed around 6 million years ago , at the onset of the Messinian salinity crisis ( MSC ) , when the Gibraltar gateway between the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea narrowed and eventually pinched shut due to shifts in architectonic plates . The Mediterranean Sea became isolated from the world ’s ocean and dried up for roughly 700,000 years , leaving behind a vast sweep of salt up to 2 miles ( 3 kilometers ) stocky in some spot .
A newly discovered underwater canyon was carved out of the seabed by extremely salty currents.
As sea levels dropped , increasingly piquant currents gnaw at the seabed and incised gullies several hundred feet late along the steep edges of the Mediterranean Sea . In a field of study published in the January return of the journalGlobal and Planetary Change , precede authorJimmy Moneronand colleagues now describe a jumbo U - shaped canyon located 75 land mile ( 120 km ) south of Cyprus , in the depth of the Mediterranean ’s Levant Basin .
The 1,640 - foot - deep ( 500 meters ) and 33,000 - foot - wide ( 10 km ) canyon , which the researcher named after the nearby Eratosthenes seamount , likely form underwater shortly before salt pile onto the seabed . Unlike the more coastal gully , the canyon had no elder " pre - salt " solution , concord to the field .
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The newly discovered Eratosthenes Canyon sits close to the Eratosthenes seamount in the eastern Mediterranean sea.
" To explain the submarine formation of the Eratosthenes Canyon , we propose surgical incision by dense gravity currents scratch and carving the deep - water seafloor , " the researchers wrote in the study .
Weighed down with salt and deposit , these current belt along along quicker than the surrounding water and gradually scooped out enough of the seabed to form the colossal canyon . exactly when this occurred remains undecipherable , but it likely cooccur with the beginning of the MSC — between 5.6 million and 6 million class ago , according to the written report . The incision process may have lasted anywhere from tens of thousands to half a million years .
The find disgorge visible radiation on a decade - long public debate over whether Messinian gullies and canyons that now lie underwater form above or below the sea surface . " This new evidence strengthen the argument that at least part of the erosion across continental margin occurred [ below water ] , " the researchers wrote .
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The freshly discovered canyon sits within a wide connection of canyons and channel in an area known asthe Levant Basin , which run from the coast of Syria in the north to Gaza in the south , and northwest toward Cyprus .
To the northwest of the canon , beyond the Eratosthenes seamount , sits the much deeper and older Herodotus basin , which receives stream loaded with deposit from the southeastward . These currents may have crossed the area that now tout the Eratosthenes Canyon long before it was incise , according to the study .
" The absence of older roots under the Eratosthenes Canyon does not rule out the possibility that a shallow pre - MSC distribution channel system predate the Eratosthenes Canyon , " the researcher wrote .
